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ARO Scholars Program

Background

Supported by the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (ARO), the Henderson Fund, the ARO Diversity & Minority Affairs Committee, ARO is introducing a funded experience for undergraduate students to attend the 2024 MidWinter Meeting (MWM) who conduct research in Otolaryngology, Audiology, Hearing Science, or Auditory Neuroscience. The successful applicant will identify mentor(s)and have an interest in, or currently be conducting research. Additionally, the ARO Scholar will have an opportunity to present their research at the MWM. There will be four ARO Scholars awarded this year for the 2024 MWM.

The program is designed to recruit students from groups that are underrepresented in science, with the goal of improving the scientific research in ARO’s mission areas. This program is driven by ARO’s strong belief that science is improved by a diverse set of people, ideas, experiences, and backgrounds. This program will be overseen by the ARO Diversity & Minority Affairs Committee.

Program Details

The ARO Scholar will have the opportunity to present the results of their current research as a poster at the ARO MidWinter Meeting. During the program the Scholar and their mentor are encouraged to have regular meetings. The Scholar is required to attend the ARO MidWinter Meeting, however, should the applicant have a conflict, the program will evaluate on a case-by-case basis:

  • February 3rd-7th, 2023 – Anaheim, CA
  • Scholar is required to attend the Awards Ceremony
  • Scholar is required to actively engage in the MWM by attending sessions
  • Scholar is required to provide feedback via the post MWM evaluation survey

The Scholar is also encouraged to present posters at the 2024 meeting.

Each Award will include: 

  • Opportunity to present a poster at the meeting
  • Invitation to attend the 2024 ARO MidWinter Meeting
  • An ARO member mentor and a Career Mentor should the Scholar not have one or either in place
  • Roundtrip coach air fare up to $500 to attend the ARO MidWinter Meeting
  • Up to five (5) nights lodging in the meeting hotel
  • Paid MidWinter Meeting registration fee
  • Up to $100 for ground transportation to and from the meeting hotel
  • Up to $50 per day for 5 days for meals and miscellaneous expenses
Eligibility

Anyone who identifies as being from a group that is under-represented in science is encouraged to apply. These groups include (but are not limited to) those who identify as Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Sexual and Gender Minorities, individuals with disabilities, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Members of these groups or other groups that are under-represented in science are encouraged to apply. The applicant must be attending (or planning to attend) an accredited school or university has and must have an interest in the fields of Otolaryngology, Audiology, Hearing Science, or Auditory Neuroscience. The applicant must demonstrate a desire and commitment to research, with one or more designated mentors who may or may not be located at their home institution. The applicant must have the Principal Investigator attest to supporting the Scholars participation in this program. At least one mentor must be an ARO member. Should an applicant not know an ARO member, the ARO Executive Office will assist in finding them an appropriate mentor.

 Please read carefully before submitting.

Application Requirements:

All applications must be completed online. Individuals should have the below documents prepared to upload when completing the online application:  

For Undergraduate Applicants:

  • A curriculum vitae
  • A written statement (500 words or less) summarizing the applicants professional goals, description of current/previous research or interest in research and any applicable experience, what the applicant hopes to gain from attending the 2024 ARO MWM, and a short justification describing why the applicant should be one of four chosen Scholars.
  • A brief statement describing how you identify as a historically underrepresented group in STEM.
  • One letter of current and continued support from an ARO member who is willing to serve as a mentor. If the applicant and mentor are not located at the same institution or in the same city, the applicant should describe his/her plan for maintaining close communication with the mentor. Should an applicant not know an ARO member, the applicant may submit a letter of current and continued support from their current mentor, and the ARO Executive Office will assist in finding them an appropriate ARO member to serve as a mentor.  

 Only applications submitted online via the application will be accepted. All materials must be uploaded together to be considered for the program and must be received by November 10th, 2023. Questions about the award may be directed to Kristin Gordy in the ARO Executive Office. She may be reached at headquarters@aro.org. The Diversity & Minority Affairs Committee will select awardees after scoring all the applications in the month November. Awardees will be notified in December. The Award must be used the year of selection.

 Once selected, the Scholar will receive communication from the ARO Executive Office with instructions on how to submit their poster if they have not already done so as well as details on award disbursement.

    How to Apply

    Anyone who identifies as being from a group that is under-represented in science is encouraged to apply. These groups include (but are not limited to) those who identify as Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Sexual and Gender Minorities, individuals with disabilities, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Members of these groups or other groups that are under-represented in science are encouraged to apply. The applicant must be attending (or planning to attend) an accredited school or university has and must have an interest in the fields of Otolaryngology, Audiology, Hearing Science, or Auditory Neuroscience. The applicant must demonstrate a desire and commitment to research, with one or more designated mentors who may or may not be located at their home institution. The applicant must have the Principal Investigator attest to supporting the Scholars participation in this program. At least one mentor must be an ARO member. Should an applicant not know an ARO member, the ARO Executive Office will assist in finding them an appropriate mentor.

    Please read carefully before submitting.

    Application Requirements:

    All applications must be completed online. Individuals should have the below documents prepared to upload when completing the online application:  

    For Undergraduate Applicants:

    • A curriculum vitae
    • A written statement (500 words or less) summarizing the applicants professional goals, description of current/previous research or interest in research and any applicable experience, what the applicant hopes to gain from attending the 2024 ARO MWM, and a short justification describing why the applicant should be one of four chosen Scholars.
    • A brief statement describing how you identify as a historically underrepresented group in STEM.
    • One letter of current and continued support from an ARO member who is willing to serve as a mentor. If the applicant and mentor are not located at the same institution or in the same city, the applicant should describe his/her plan for maintaining close communication with the mentor. Should an applicant not know an ARO member, the applicant may submit a letter of current and continued support from their current mentor, and the ARO Executive Office will assist in finding them an appropriate ARO member to serve as a mentor. 

    Only applications submitted online via the application will be considered. All materials must be uploaded together to be considered for the program and must be received by November 10th, 2023. Questions about the award may be directed to Kristin Gordy in the ARO Executive Office. She may be reached at headquarters@aro.org. The Diversity & Minority Affairs Committee will select awardees after scoring all the applications in the month November. Awardees will be notified in December. The Award must be used the year of selection.

     Once selected, the Scholar will receive communication from the ARO Executive Office with instructions on how to submit their poster if they have not already done so as well as details on award disbursement.

     

      About the Association for Research in Otolaryngology Association 

      The association was founded in 1973. It is under the direction of the ARO Council that consists of a President, a Past President, a President-Elect, a Secretary-Treasurer, a Communications Officer, Program Committee Chair, and three Council Members At-Large, all of whom are elected from and by the membership. The functions of the organization are established by bylaws carried out with the help of the ARO committees and often with counsel from past presidents.

      The ARO is the world’s largest organization of hearing and balance researchers. Members of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology include scientists, engineers and physicians who seek to:

      • Understand how the ear and the brain process sound and control balance
      • Determine the causes of diseases and disorders of these sensory systems
      • Devise new surgical, technological or biological treatments to improve patients’ lives

      With its home base in the United States, the ARO has 2200 members located in universities, medical centers, research institutes and biotech industries throughout the world.

      Our History

      The aims of the Association shall be encouragement and promotion of research, both basic and clinical, in the broad field of Otolaryngology and related areas; to foster friendly assembly and stimulate scientific interest among its members; to this end, the Association shall hold scientific meetings at regular intervals and engage in such activities as the membership deems appropriate to achieve these objectives.

      Hearing loss can significantly disrupt the ability of children to become mainstreamed in educational environments that emphasize spoken language as a primary means of communication. Similarly, adults who lose their hearing after communicating using spoken language have numerous challenges understanding speech and integrating into social situations. These challenges are particularly significant in noisy situations, where multiple sound sources often arrive at the ears from various directions. Intervention with hearing aids and/or cochlear implants (CIs) has proven to be highly successful for restoring some aspects of communication, including speech understanding and language acquisition. However, there is also typically a notable gap in outcomes relative to normal-hearing listeners. Importantly, auditory abilities operate in the context of how hearing integrates with other senses. Notably, the visual system is tightly couples to the auditory system. Vision is known to impact auditory perception and neural mechanisms in vision and audition are tightly coupled, thus, in order to understand how we hear and how CIs affect auditory perception we must consider the integrative effects across these senses.

      We start with Rebecca Alexander, a compelling public speaker who has been living with Usher’s Syndrome, a genetic disorder found in tens of thousands of people, causing both deafness and blindness in humans. Ms. Alexander will be introduced by Dr. Jeffrey Holt, who studies gene therapy strategies for hearing restoration. The symposium then highlights the work of scientists working across these areas. Here we integrate psychophysics, clinical research, and biological approaches, aiming to gain a coherent understanding of how we might ultimately improve outcomes in patients. Drs. Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen Macknik are new to the ARO community, and will discuss neurobiology of the visual system as it relates to visual prostheses. Dr. Jennifer Groh’s work will then discuss multi-sensory processing and how it is that vision helps us hear. Having set the stage for thinking about the role of vision in a multisensory auditory world, we will hear from experts in the area of cochlear implants. Dr. René H Gifford will discuss recent work on electric-acoustic integration in children and adults, and Dr. Sharon Cushing will discuss her work as a clinician on 3-D auditory and vestibular effects. Dr. Matthew Winn will talk about cognitive load and listening effort using pupillometry, and we will end with Dr. Rob Shepherd’s discussion of current work and future possibilities involving biological treatments and neural prostheses. Together, these presentations are designed to provide a broad and interdisciplinary view of the impact of sensory restoration in hearing, vision and balance, and the potential for future approaches for improving the lives of patients.

      Kirupa Suthakar, PhD - Dr Kirupa Suthakar is a postdoctoral fellow at NIH/NIDCD, having formerly trained as a postdoctoral fellow at Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School and doctoral student at Garvan Institute of Medical Research/UNSW Australia.  Kirupa's interest in the mind and particular fascination by how we are able to perceive the world around us led her to pursue a research career in auditory neuroscience.  To date, Kirupa's research has broadly focused on neurons within the auditory efferent circuit, which allow the brain to modulate incoming sound signals at the ear.  Kirupa is active member of the spARO community, serving as the Chair Elect for 2021.

       

       

      I began studying the vestibular system during my dissertation research at the Università di Pavia with Professors Ivo Prigioni and GianCarlo Russo. I had two postdoctoral fellowships, first at the University of Rochester with Professor Christopher Holt and then at the University of Illinois at Chicago with Professors Jonathan Art and Jay Goldberg.

      My research focuses on characterizing the biophysics of synaptic transmission between hair cells and primary afferents in the vestibular system. For many years an outstanding question in vestibular physiology was how the transduction current in the type I hair cell was sufficient, in the face of large conductances on at rest, to depolarize it to potentials necessary for conventional synaptic transmission with its unique afferent calyx.

      In collaboration with Dr. Art, I overcame the technical challenges of simultaneously recording from type I hair cells and their enveloping calyx afferent to investigate this question. I was able to show that with depolarization of either hair cell or afferent, potassium ions accumulating in the cleft depolarize the synaptic partner. Conclusions from these studies are that due to the extended apposition between type I hair cell and its afferent, there are three modes of communication across the synapse. The slowest mode of transmission reflects the dynamic changes in potassium ion concentration in the cleft which follow the integral of the ongoing hair cell transduction current. The intermediate mode of transmission is indirectly a result of this potassium elevation which serves as the mechanism by which the hair cell potential is depolarized to levels necessary for calcium influx and the vesicle fusion typical of glutamatergic quanta. This increase in potassium concentration also depolarizes the afferent to potentials that allow the quantal EPSPs to trigger action potentials. The third and most rapid mode of transmission like the slow mode of transmission is bidirectional, and a current flowing out of either hair cell or afferent into the synaptic cleft will divide between a fraction flowing out into the bath, and a fraction flowing across the cleft into its synaptic partner.

      The technical achievement of the dual electrode approach has enabled us to identify new facets of vestibular end organ synaptic physiology that in turn raise new questions and challenges for our field. I look forward with great excitement to the next chapter in my scientific story.

       

      Charles C. Della Santina, PhD MD is a Professor of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery and Biomedical Engineering at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where he directs the Johns Hopkins Cochlear Implant Center and the Johns Hopkins Vestibular NeuroEngineering Laboratory.

      As a practicing neurotologic surgeon, Dr. Della Santina specializes in treatment of middle ear, inner ear and auditory/vestibular nerve disorders. His clinical interests include restoration of hearing via cochlear implantation and management of patients who suffer from vestibular disorders, with a particular focus on helping individuals disabled by chronic postural instability and unsteady vision after bilateral loss of vestibular sensation. His laboratory’s research centers on basic and applied research supporting development of vestibular implants, which are medical devices intended to partially restore inner ear sensation of head movement. In addition to that work, his >90 publications include studies characterizing inner ear physiology and anatomy; describing novel clinical tests of vestibular function; and clarifying the effects of cochlear implantation, vestibular implantation, superior canal dehiscence syndrome and intratympanic gentamicin therapy on the inner ear and central nervous system.  Dr. Della Santina is also the founder and CEO/Chief Scientific Officer of Labyrinth Devices LLC, a company dedicated to bringing novel vestibular testing and implant technology into routine clinical care.

      Andrew Griffith received his MD and PhD in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry from Yale University in 1992. He completed his general surgery internship and a residency in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Michigan in 1998. He also completed a postdoctoral research fellowship in the Department of Human Genetics as part of his training at the University of Michigan. In 1998, he joined the Division of Intramural Research (DIR) in the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). He served as a senior investigator, the chief of the Molecular Biology and Genetics Section, the chief of the Otolaryngology Branch, and the director of the DIR, as well as the deputy director for Intramural Clinical Research across the NIH Intramural Research Program. His research program identifies and characterizes molecular and cellular mechanisms of normal and disordered hearing and balance in humans and mouse models. Two primary interests of his program have been hearing loss associated with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct, and the function of TMC genes and proteins. The latter work lead to the discovery that the deafness gene product TMC1 is a component of the hair cell sensory transduction channel. Since July of 2020, he has served as the Senior Associate Dean of Research and a Professor of Otolaryngology and Physiology in the College of Medicine at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center.

      Gwenaëlle S. G. Géléoc obtained a PhD in Sensory Neurobiology from the University of Sciences in Montpellier (France) in 1996. She performed part of her PhD training at the University of Sussex, UK where she characterized sensory transduction in vestibular hair cells and a performed a comparative study between vestibular and cochlear hair cells. Gwenaelle continued her training as an electrophysiologist at University College London studying outer hair cell motility and at Harvard Medical School studying modulation of mechanotransduction in vestibular hair cells. As an independent investigator at the University of Virginia, she expanded this work and characterized the developmental acquisition of sensory transduction in mouse vestibular hair cells, the developmental acquisition of voltage-sensitive conductances in vestibular hair cells and the tonotopic gradient in the acquisition of sensory transduction in the mouse cochlea. This work along with quantitative spatio-temporal studies performed on several hair cell mechanotransduction candidates lead her to TMC1 and 2 and long-term collaborations with Andrew Griffith and Jeff Holt. Dr. Géléoc is currently Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology, at Boston Children’s Hospital where she continues to study molecular players involved in the development and function of hair cells of the inner ear and develops new therapies for the treatment of deafness and balance, with a particular focus on Usher syndrome.

      Jeff Holt earned a doctorate from the Department of Physiology at the University of Rochester in 1995 for his studies of inward rectifier potassium channels in saccular hair cells.  He went on to a post-doctoral position in the Neurobiology Department at Harvard Medical School and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, where he characterized sensory transduction and adaptation in hair cells and developed a viral vector system to transfect cultured hair cells.  Dr. Holt’s first faculty position was in the Neuroscience Department at the University of Virginia.  In 2011 the lab moved to Boston Children’s Hospital / Harvard Medical School.  Dr. Holt is currently a Professor in the Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology in the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center.  Dr. Holt and his team have been studying sensory transduction in auditory and vestibular hair cells over the past 20 years, with particular focus on TMC1 and TMC2 over the past 12 years.  This work lead to the discovery that TMC1 forms the hair cell transduction channel.  His work also focuses on development gene therapy strategies for genetic hearing loss.